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California Oak Galls

Wasps in the family Cynipidae are gall inducers on plants, or inquilines of gall inducers (living inside the galls made by other cynipids). The majority of species occur on oak trees (Quercus sp.). Galls range in size from 1 mm to 6 cm or more and come in many shapes and colors, as depicted on this page. Different cynipid species occur on specific oak species, and the galls themselves occur on specific locations on the trees (leaves, stems, buds, roots, etc.) depending on the species and which generation it is. Some species have two generations per year, a sexual and an asexual (female only) generation, each producing completely different types of galls on different parts of the host. The adult wasps are generally around 1-4mm in size. The wasps support a community of other insects that feed on them, their parasites, and their galls.

White oak group: Quercus berberidifolia (inland scrub oak), Q. cornelius-mulleri (Muller's oak; desert scrub oak), Q. douglasii (blue oak), Q. dumosa (Nuttall's scrub oak) Q. durata (leather oak), Q. engelmannii (Engelmann oak), Q. garryana (Oregon oak), Q. lobata (valley oak):

Andricus atrimentus
Asexual, fall generation
Andricus atrimentus
Bisexual, spring generation
Andricus brunneus
Andricus confertus
Andricus crystallinus
Andricus fullawayi
Andricus gigas
Andricus kingi
Andricus opertus
Andricus parmula
Andricus quercuscalifornicus
Andricus stellaris
Andricus stellulus
Andricus wiltzae
Antron douglasii
Antron quercusechinus
Besbicus conspicuus
Besbicus mirabilis
Besbicus multipunctatus
Disholcaspis canescens
Disholcaspis corallina
Disholcaspis eldoradensis
Disholcaspis mellifica
Disholcaspis plumbella
Disholcaspis prehensa
Disholcaspis simulata
Disholcaspis washingtonensis
Dros pedicillatum
Liodora pattersonae
Neuroterus saltatorius
Phylloteras cupella
Sphaeroteras trimaculosum
Pink Bow Tie Gall Wasp
Leaf Gall Wasp
Xanthoteras clavuloides
Xanthoteras teres

Black oak group: Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak), Q. kelloggii (California black oak), Q. wislizenii (interior live oak):
Callirhytis congregata
Callirhytis flora
Asexual, summer generation
Callirhytis flora
Bisexual, spring generation
Callirhytis perdens
Callirhytis quercusagrifoliae
Asexual, summer generation
Callirhytis quercuspomiformis
Asexual, summer generation
Callirhytis quercuspomiformis
Bisexual, spring generation
Callirhytis quercussuttoni
Callirhytis serricornis
Dryocosmus dubiosus
Asexual, fall generation
Dryocosmus dubiosus
Bisexual, spring generation
Dryocosmus minusculus

Intermediate or golden oak group: Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak), Q. palmeri (Palmer's oak), Q. vacciniifolia (huckleberry oak):
Andricus lasius
Andricus projectus
Andricus reniformis
Club Vein Gall Wasp
Disholcaspis chrysolepidis
Dryocosmus asymmetricus
Heteroecus dasydactyli
Heteroecus flavens
Heteroecus lyoni
Heteroecus melanoderma
Heteroecus pacificus
Heteroecus sanctaeclarae
Heteroecus sp.
Paracraspis guadaloupensis
Trichoteras burnetti
Trichoteras coquilletti
Trichoteras vacciniifoliae

Non-native oaks growing in California: Quercus virginiana (southern live oak)
Andricus laniger
This gall has been seen on Q. virginiana in Manteca and Stockton.

For more information about California galls, see the Field Guide to Plant Galls of California and Other Western States by Ronald Russo.