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California Oak Galls
Wasps in the family Cynipidae are gall inducers on plants, or inquilines of gall inducers
(living inside the galls made by other cynipids). The majority of species occur on oak
trees (Quercus sp.). Galls range in size from 1 mm to 6 cm or more and come in many shapes
and colors, as depicted on this page. Different cynipid species occur on specific oak species,
and the galls themselves occur on specific locations on the trees (leaves, stems, buds, roots,
etc.) depending on the species and which generation it is. Some species have two generations
per year, a sexual and an asexual (female only) generation, each producing completely different
types of galls on different parts of the host. The adult wasps are generally around 1-4mm in
size. The wasps support a community of other insects that feed on them, their parasites, and
their galls.
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Black oak group: Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak),
Q. kelloggii (California black oak),
Q. wislizenii (interior live oak):
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Callirhytis congregata
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Callirhytis flora
Asexual, summer generation
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Callirhytis flora
Bisexual, spring generation
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Callirhytis perdens
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Callirhytis quercusagrifoliae
Asexual, summer generation
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Callirhytis quercuspomiformis
Asexual, summer generation
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Callirhytis quercuspomiformis
Bisexual, spring generation
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Callirhytis quercussuttoni
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Callirhytis serricornis
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Dryocosmus dubiosus
Asexual, fall generation
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Dryocosmus dubiosus
Bisexual, spring generation
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Dryocosmus minusculus
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Intermediate or golden oak group:
Quercus chrysolepis (canyon live oak),
Q. palmeri (Palmer's oak),
Q. vacciniifolia (huckleberry oak):
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Andricus lasius
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Andricus projectus
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Andricus reniformis
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Club Vein Gall Wasp
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Disholcaspis chrysolepidis
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Dryocosmus asymmetricus
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Heteroecus dasydactyli
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Heteroecus flavens
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Heteroecus lyoni
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Heteroecus melanoderma
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Heteroecus pacificus
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Heteroecus sanctaeclarae
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Heteroecus sp.
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Paracraspis guadaloupensis
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Trichoteras burnetti
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Trichoteras coquilletti
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Trichoteras vacciniifoliae
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Non-native oaks growing in California:
Quercus virginiana (southern live oak)
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Andricus laniger
This gall has been seen on Q. virginiana in Manteca and Stockton.
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For more information about California galls, see the
Field Guide to Plant Galls of California and Other Western States
by Ronald Russo.
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